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	Dobson Calibration Missions

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Intercomparisons

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The majority of Dobson spectrophotometers operated in the global network are regularly calibrated at international comparisons (ICs) performed under the GAW program of WMO. Calibration constants of all instruments are related to the World Primary Standard Spectrophotometer (WPSS) - the Dobson instrument No. 083 (D083). WPSS is maintained by the World Dobson Calibration Center (WDCC) at NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado. Calibration history of the WPSS was analyzed by Komhyr et al. and Evans et al. - see: Papers. The World Secondary Standard Spectrophotometer (WSSS) D065 is usually used for regular ICs performed in regions. Both instruments are frequently compared with each other and their relation is permanently checked and recorded - see: http://www.cmdl.noaa.gov/ozwv/dobson/

Calibration activities of the WDCC are assisted by Regional Dobson Calibration Centers (RDCCs) in some regions. The European RDCC has been established for the RA-VI region at the Meteorological Observatory of DWD at Hohenpeissenberg, Germany that is supported by the Solar and Ozone Observatory of CHMI in Hradec Kralove, the Czech Republic - contacts: ulf.koehler@dwd.de , vanicek@chmi.cz. The Observatory Tsukuba of JMA, Japan acts as the Asian RDCC for the RA-II region – contact: miyagawa@met.kishou.go.jp. Both RDCCs are fully operational and they perform regional ICs - see below.

Intercomparisons

The main ICs performed by the WDCC and RDCCs as WMO/GAW missions since the seventies are listed in the table below. Besides of these ICs a lot of small comparisons were organized in the last 30 years mainly by specialists from NOAA/CMDL and AES Canada. Results and details of the main ICs are given in relevant Reports . Some of them are available as electronic files - see Missions

Date	Place	Ref. inst.	Participating instruments
1969	Siofok / Hungary	D084	D064 GDR D071 GDR D074 Czechoslovakia D084 Poland D110 Hungary
1974	Belsk / Poland	D083	D041 UK D064 GDR D077 Canada D084 Poland D096 Egypt D101 Switzerland D108 Russia D110 Hungary D112 India
1977	Boulder / USA	D083	D014 Norway ??? D041 UK D050 Iceland D071 GDR D077 Canada D087 Peru D096 Egypt D097 Argentina D105 Australia D108 Russia D112 India D114 Brazil D116 Japan
1978	Arosa / Switzerland	D071	D013 Portugal D015 Switzerland D040 Belgium D041 UK DE47 Italy D085 France D101 Switzerland D104 Germany
1978	Boulder / USA	D083	D098 Mexico D108 Russia
1978	Toronto / Canada	D077 D018 D077 D018	D040 Belgium D059 Canada D075 China D102 Canada
1979	Boulder / USA	D083	D120 Spain
1979	Toronto / Canada	D077	D003 China D060 Canada
1979	Potsdam / Germany	D071	D011 France D044 Germany D074 Czechoslovakia D084 Poland D110 Hungary D121 Romania
1980	Boulder / USA	D083	D114 Brazil
1980	New Delhi / India	D112	D054 India
1980	Toronto / Canada	D018 D018 D018 D077 D018	D046 Italy D047 Italy D048 Italy D059 Canada D066 Italy
1981	Boulder / USA	D083	D041 UK
1981	Toronto / Canada	D077 D077 D043	D017 New Zealand D043 Pakistan D0100 Pakistan
1984	Melbourne / Australia	D083	D082 New Zealand D105 Australia D112 India D116 Japan
1985	Boulder / USA	D083	D041 UK
1986	Arosa / Switzerland	D083	D013 Portugal D015 Switzerland D040 Belgium D051 Switzerland D056 Norway D064 GDR D071 GDR D074 Czechoslovakia D084 Poland D085 France D092 Denmark D096 Egypt D101 Switzerland D104 Germany D120 Spain
1988	Perth / Australia	D083	D081 D105
1988	Potsdam / Germany	D064	D041 UK D071 GDR D110 Hungary D121 Romania
1988	Perth / Australia	D083	D081, D105
1989	Mauna Loa / USA	D083	D116 Japan
1990	Arosa / Switzerland	D065	D013 Portugal D014 Norway D015 Switzerland D040 Belgium D041 UK D050 Iceland D064 GDR D074 GDR D084 Poland D092 Denmark D101 Switzerland D104 Germany D107 Russia D110 Hungary D118 Greece D120 Spain D121 Romania
1990	Haute Provence / France	D065	D049 France 8D05 France
1992	Boulder /USA	D083 D065	D063 USA D072 New Zealand D081 Australia D099 Argentina D105 Australia D116 Japan
1993	Hradec Kralove / Czech Republic	D065	D066 Italy D069 Egypt D074 Czech Republic D089 South Africa D108 Russia
1983	Mauna Loa / USA	D083	D042 USA D076 USA
1983	Boulder / USA	D083	D033 USA
1994	Izana / Spain	D065	D013 Portugal D056 Norway D064 Germany D087 Peru D093 Brazil D097 Argentina D120 Spain D131 Argentina
1994	Boulder / USA	D083	D058 USA D061 USA D076 USA D080 USA D091 USA D094 USA D098 Mexico
1995	Arosa / Switzerland	D065	D015 WMO spare D030 Sweden D032 UK D040 Belgium D041 UK D048 Italy D049 France D050 Iceland D062 Switzerland D084 Poland D085 France D092 Denmark D101 Switzerland D104 Germany D107 Russia D110 Hungary D116 Japan D121 Romania
1995	Boulder / USA	???	D033 USA D034 USA D038 USA D079 USA
1996	Tsukuba / Japan	D116	D052 Philippines D075 China D090 Thailand D100 Pakistan D112 India D124 Korea
1997	Kalavryta / Greece	D065	D064 Germany D074 Czech Republic D096 Egypt D108 Russia D118 Greece D121 Romania
1997	Perth / Australia	D083	D007 Singapore D042 USA D072 New Zealand D081 Australia D089 South Africa D105 Australia
1997	Boulder / USA	D083	D082 SPO
1998	Boulder / USA	D083 D065 D065 D065 D083 D083	D035 UK D058 USA D063 USA D094 USA D097 Argentina D116 Japan
1998	Sapporo / Japan Tsukuba / Japan Kagoshima / Japan	D129 D116 D129	D126 Japan D125 Japan D128 Japan
1999	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D065 D065 D044 D065	D044 Germany/Armenia D064 Germany D071 Germany D074 Czech Republic
1999	Arosa / Switzerland	D065	D041 UK D048 Italy D049 France D056 Norway D062 Switzerland D064 Germany D069 Egypt D074 Czech Republic D085 France D101 Switzerland D107 Russia D120 Spain
1999	Boulder / USA	D083	D038 USA D091 USA
1999	Buenos Aires / Argentina	D065	D087 Peru D097 Argentina D099 Argentina D114 Brazil D131 Argentina D133 Argentina D134 Uruguay
1999	Syowa / Japan Tsukuba / Japan Naha / Japan	D122 D116 D129	D119 Japan D125 Japan D127 Japan
2000	Pretoria / South Africa	D065	D011 Algeria D015 Botswana D018 Kenya D057 Seychelles D089 South Africa D132 South Africa D5703 Nigeria
2000	Tsukuba / Japan Sapporo / Japan	D116 D129	D125 Japan D126 Japan
2000/1,2	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D064	D013 Portugal D032 UK D035 UK D040 Belgium D044 Armenia D059 Egypt D071 Germany
2001	Boulder / USA	D083	D033 USA D034 USA D079 USA
2001	Lauder / New Zealand	D083	D042 USA D072 New Zealand D081 Australia D105 Australia
2001/1,2	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D064	D030 Sweden D084 Poland D096 Egypt D104 Germany D108 Russia D121 Romania
2001	Tsukuba / Japan Kagoshima / Japan	D116 D129	D125 Japan D128 Japan
2001	Mauna Loa / USA	D083	D116 Japan
2002	Boulder / USA	D083	D064 Germany
2002	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D064	D047 Italy D049 France D074 Czech Republic D104 Germany
2002	Tsukuba / Japan Tsukuba / Japan Naha / Japan	D116 D116 D129	D119 Japan D125 Japan D127 Japan
2003	Tsukuba / Japan	D116	D003 China D075 China
2003	Buenos Aires / Argentina	D065	D067 Cuba D087 Peru D093 Brazil D097 Argentina D099 Argentina D114 Brazil D131 Argentina D133 Argentina D134 Uruguay
2003	Arosa / Switzerland	D064	D048 Italy D051 Switzerland D062 Switzerland D085 France D101 Switzerland
2003	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D064	D041 UK D107 Russia D120 Spain
2003	Tsukuba, / Japan Sapporo / Japan Tsukuba / Japan	D116 D129 D116	D122 Japan D124 Japan D125 Japan
2004	Dahab / Egypt	D065, D064	D011 Algeria D015 Botswana D018 Kenya D057 Seychelles D059 Egypt D064 Germany D069 Egypt D089 South Africa D096 Egypt D5703 Nigeria Shimatsu
2004	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D064	D013 Portugal D032 UK D035 UK D041 UK D044 Armenia D071 Germany D073 BAS D092 Denmark D123 BAS
2004	Seoul / Korea Tsukuba / Japan Kagoshima / Japan	D070 D116 D129	D124 Korea D125 Japan D128 Japan
2004	Boulder / USA	D083	D091 USA D116 Japan
2005	Boulder / USA	D083	D033 USA D076 USA D079 USA
2005	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D064	D018 Kenya D031 Ukraine/BAS D062 Switzerland D074 Czech Republic D084 Poland D108 Russia
2005	Tsukuba / Japan Tsukuba / Japan Naha / Japan	D116 D116 D129	D124 Korea D125 Japan D127 Japan
2006	Melbourne / Australia	D083	D006 Australia D042 USA D072 New Zealand D081 Australia/USA D105 Australia
2006	Tsukuba / Japan	D116	D052 Philippines D090 Thailand D100 Pakistan D109 Iran D112 India D125 Japan D126 Japan
2006	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D065 D064 D064 D064 D064 D064	D064 Germany D071 Germany D103 BAS D104 Germany D113 Italy D118 Greece
2006	Arosa / Switzerland	D074	D051 Switzerland D062 Switzerland D101 Switzerland
2006	Buenos Aires / Argentina	D083	D067 Cuba D087 Peru D093 Brazil D097 Argentina D098 Mexico D099 Argentina D114 Brazil D131 Argentina D133 Argentina D134 Uruguay
2007	Tsukuba / Japan	D116	119 Japan 125 Japan
2007	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D064	D030 Sweden D047 Italy D048 Italy D050 Iceland D085 France
2007	El Arenosillo / Spain	D064	D013 Portugal D032 UK D049 France D120 Spain D121 Romania
2007	Boulder / USA	D083	D116 Japan
2008	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D064	D104 Germany D056 Norway
2008	Boulder / USA	D083	D063 USA D082 USA
2008	Izana / Spain	D083	D064 Germany D074 Czech Republic
Scheduled in 2009	Hohenpeissenberg / Germany	D064	D040 Belgium D041 UK D049 France D059 Egypt D084 Poland D107 Russia
	El Atrenosillo / Spain	D064	D092 Denmark / Greenland D108 Russia D120 Spain
	Irene / South Africa	D065	Instruments from the region Africa
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Reports of the WMO/GAW intercomparisons
Place / Year	Reference
All 1974-1994	Basher R.E., 1994. Survey of WMO-sponsored Dobson spectrophotometer intercomparisons. WMO Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project, Report 19
Arosa, 1995	WMO. Report of the tenth WMO international comparison of Dobson spectrophotometers. WMO/GAW Project, Report No.108
Tsukuba, 1996	WMO. Report of the international workshops on ozone observations in Asia and the Pacific region. WMO/GAW Project, Report No.118
Kalavryta, 1997	WMO. Report of the intercomparison of Dobson spectrophotometers in Kalavryta, Greece. Not published yet
Perth, 1997	WMO. Report on BoM/NOAA/WMO International Comparison of the Dobson Spectrophotometers, Perth, Australia. WMO/GAW Project, TD No.828
Arosa, 1999	WMO. Reports on WMO International Comparisons of Dobson Spectrophotometers, Part I - Arosa, Switzerland (19-31 July 1999) WMO/GAW Project Report No.138
Buenos Aires, 1999	WMO. Reports on WMO International Comparisons of Dobson Spectrophotometers, Part II - Buenos Aires, Argentina (29 Nov.-12 Dec. 1999). WMO/GAW Project Report No.138
Pretoria, 2000	WMO. Reports on WMO International Comparisons of Dobson Spectrophotometers, Part III - Pretoria, South Africa (18 March-10 April 2000). WMO/GAW Project Report No.138
Hohenpeissenberg, 2000	Koehler U. and K. Vanicek., Report on activities of the WMO/GAW Regional Dobson Calibration Center (RDCC) for RA-VI: The Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (Germany) and The Solar and Ozone Observatory Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic) in 2000
Hohenpeissenberg, 2001	Koehler U. and K. Vanicek., Report on activities of the WMO/GAW Regional Dobson Calibration Center (RDCC) for RA-VI: The Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (Germany) and The Solar and Ozone Observatory Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic) in 2001
Hohenpeissenberg, 2002	Koehler U. and K. Vanicek., Report on activities of the WMO/GAW Regional Dobson Calibration Center (RDCC) for RA-VI: The Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (Germany and The Solar and Ozone Observatory Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic) in 2002
Tsukuba, 2003	Shitamichi M., Myiagawa K. and Evans R., 2003. The Report of the WMO/GAW Regional Intercomparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers from Asia, Tsukuba, Japan, 03-20. March 2003
Buenos Aires, 2003	Evans R.D. and O. Barturen, Report of the SMN/WMO/GAW International Comparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers from the Region III (South America) at Villa Ortuzar Observatory, Buenos Aires, November/December 2003
Hohenpeissenberg, 2003	Koehler U. and K. Vanicek., Report on activities of the WMO/GAW Regional Dobson Calibration Center (RDCC) for RA-VI: The Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (Germany and The Solar and Ozone Observatory Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic) in 2003
Dahab, Egypt, 2004	Evans R.D. and D. Ahmed, Report of the EMA/WMO/GAW International Comparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers from the Region I (Africa) at Dahab, Egypt, February/March 2004
Hohenpeissenberg, 2004	Koehler U. and K. Vanicek., Report on activities of the WMO/GAW Regional Dobson Calibration Center (RDCC) for RA-VI: The Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (Germany and The Solar and Ozone Observatory Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic) in 2004
Hohenpeissenberg, 2005	Koehler U. and K. Vanicek., Report on activities of the WMO/GAW Regional Dobson Calibration Center (RDCC) for RA-VI: The Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (Germany and The Solar and Ozone Observatory Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic) in 2005
Tsukuba, 2006	Evans R.D., Miyagawa K. and K. Vanicek. Report of the WMO/ JMA Regional Intercomparison of Dobson Spectrophotometers for Asia at the Aerological Observatory of the Japan Meteorological Agency in Tsukuba, Japan, 2006
Hohenpeissenberg, Arosa, 2006	Koehler U. and K. Vanicek., Report on activities of the WMO/GAW Regional Dobson Calibration Center (RDCC) for RA-VI: The Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (Germany and The Solar and Ozone Observatory Hradec Kralove (Czech Republic) in 2006
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Updated: 14.04.2009

K. Vanicek